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Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville or Huntsville Unit (HV), nicknamed "Walls Unit," is a Texas state prison located in Huntsville, Texas, United States. The approximately facility, near Downtown Huntsville, is operated by the Correctional Institutions Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, administered as within Region I.〔"(Huntsville Unit )." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.〕 The facility, the oldest Texas state prison, opened in 1849.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Huntsville Prison Blues )〕 The unit houses the State of Texas execution chamber. It is the most active execution chamber in the United States, with 528 (As of August 2015) executions after 1982 when the death penalty was reinstated in Texas (see List of individuals executed in Texas). ==History== The prison's first inmates arrived on October 1, 1849.〔Hollister, Stacy. "(Texas Tidbits )." ''Texas Monthly''. July 2002. Retrieved on July 3, 2010.〕 The unit was named after the City of Huntsville.〔"(1995 Annual Report )." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on July 21, 2010.〕 Robert Perkinson, the author of ''Texas Tough: The Rise of America’s Prison Empire'', wrote that the unit was, within Texas, "the first public work of any importance".〔Roth, Mitchel P. "(''Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire'' (review) )" ((Archive )). ''Southwestern Historical Quarterly'', 2011, Vol.115(1), pp.106-107 (Reviewed Journal ) - Available at Project MUSE.〕 Originally Huntsville Unit was only for white Texans; the only penalties available to black Texans were whipping and hanging. During the American Civil War, prisoners at Huntsville produced tents and uniforms for Confederate forces at the prison textile factory.〔King, Michael. "(Grim History )." ''Austin Chronicle''. August 20, 2010. Retrieved on December 11, 2010.〕 After the American Civil War ended, Huntsville Unit was the only prison in the former Confederate States of America to remain.〔 Perkinson stated that the prison became, within the state, the "first racially integrated public institution".〔 Originally women in the Texas Prison System were housed in the Huntsville Unit.〔Perkinson, Robert. ''Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire''. First Edition. Metropolitan Books, 2010. p. (93 ). ISBN 978-0-8050-8069-8. "Conditions at the Walls provoked criticism as well, particularly with respect to female prisoners."〕 Beginning in 1883 women were housed in the Johnson Farm, a privately owned cotton plantation near Huntsville.〔Perkinson, Robert. ''Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire''. First Edition. Metropolitan Books, 2010. p. (132 ). ISBN 978-0-8050-8069-8.〕 Historically the prison served as the administrative headquarters of the Texas Prison System and the Texas Department of Corrections;〔Renaud, Jorge Antonio. "Diagnostic." ''Behind the Walls: A Guide for Families and Friends of Texas Prison Inmates''. University of North Texas Press, 2002. 1. ISBN 1-57441-153-5, ISBN 978-1-57441-153-9.〕 the superintendent and the other executive officers worked in the prison, and all of the central offices of the system's departments and all of the permanent records were located in the prison.〔 In 1974, the prison was the site of an eleven-day siege, one of the longest hostage-taking sieges in United States history.〔"(Blood Hostages )", ''TIME'', August 12, 1974. Retrieved on 2008-07-13.〕 Three armed inmates (Fred Carrasco, Ignacio Cuevas, and Rudy Dominquez) held several hostages in the education department. The ring leader, Carrasco, had been a porter in the chapel. Cuevas usually worked in the inmate dining hall. Ten hostages were employees of the prison system: two were educators, and one was a guard. Later on, the prison chaplain would also become a hostage. Four prisoners were also held as hostages. On the final day, the inmates tried to escape using chalkboards and hostages as shields.〔''Warden'' by Jim Willett and Ron Rozelle〕 Dominquez was killed in the attempt. Carrasco killed Elizabeth Beseda, then shot himself. Julia Standley was also killed that day. Ignacio Cuevas was executed on May 23, 1991, for her murder.〔(cuevas.jpg ) ((Archive )). Texas Department of Criminal Justice.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Huntsville Unit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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